Kunyangwe pakanga paine akawanda aesthetically ane pesvedzero ehofisi macheya mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, yaive nzvimbo yakaderera ye ergonomic dhizaini.Semuenzaniso, Frank Lloyd Wright, akagadzira zvigaro zvakawanda zvinokatyamadza, asi sevamwe vagadziri, ainyanya kufarira mukushongedza chigaro pane ergonomics.Mune zvimwe zviitiko, aifunga nezvezvinoitwa nevanhu.Iyo 1904 Larkin Building chair yaive yakagadzirirwa vataipa.Kana taipa anosendamira mberi, ndizvo zvinoitawo chigaro.
Nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwakashata kwechigaro, icho chakazonzi "chigaro chekuzviuraya", Wright akadzivirira dhizaini yake, achiti zvaida kuti uve nechimiro chakanaka chekugara.
Chigaro chaakaitira sachigaro wekambani chaigona kutenderedzwa uye kugadzirisa kureba kwayo, chaionekwa sechimwe chezvigaro zvepamusoro zvehofisi.Sachigaro, ari muMetropolitan Museum of Art izvozvi.
Mumakore ekuma1920, pfungwa yokuti kugara zvakanaka kwaiita kuti vanhu vanyope yakanga yakajairika zvokuti vashandi vomufekitari vaigara pamabhenji vasina misana.Panguva iyoyo, pakanga paine kunyunyuta kwakanyanya pamusoro pekuderera kwechigadzirwa uye zvirwere zvevashandi, kunyanya pakati pevashandi vechikadzi.Saka, kambani Tan-Sad yakaisa pamusika chigaro chinogona kugadzirisa kureba kwebackrest.
Ergonomics zvishoma nezvishoma yakave yakakurumbira panguva ino muma1950 nema1960, zvisinei, izwi iri rakanga rabuda makore anopfuura zana apfuura uye harina kuuya pamberi kusvika Hondo Yenyika II.Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti Hondo Yenyika II yapera, mabasa akawanda aida kuti tigare.Chigaro cheMAA cha1958, chakagadzirwa naHerman Miller mugadziri George Nelson, chaive chitsva pakuti chigadziko chayo chekumashure uye chigadziko chakarereka chakazvimirira, chichigadzira chiitiko chitsva chemuviri wemunhu pabasa.
Muma1970, vagadziri veindasitiri vakafarira ergonomic nheyo.Pane mabhuku maviri akakosha emuAmerica anofananidzira: Henry Dreyfuss's "Measure of Man" uye Niels Diffrient's "Humanscale" anoratidza kuomesesa kweergonomics.
Rani Lueder, ergonomist uyo ave achitevera chigaro kwemakumi emakore, anotenda kuti vanyori vemabhuku maviri aya vanonyanya kurerutsa mune dzimwe nzira, asi kuti idzi nhungamiro dzakareruka dzinobatsira mukusimudzirwa kwechigaro.Devenritter uye vagadziri Wolfgang Mueller naWilliam Stumpf, vachiri kuita zvakawanikwa izvi, vakagadzira nzira yekushandisa yakaumbwa polyurethane foam kutsigira muviri.
Muna 1974, mukuru wekugadzira wemazuva ano Herman Miller akakumbira Stumpf kushandisa tsvakiridzo yake kugadzira chigaro chehofisi.Chigumisiro chekubatana uku kwaiva Ergon Chair, yakatanga kusunungurwa muna 1976. Kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzeergonomics dzisingabvumirani nechigaro, havabvumirani kuti yakaunza ergonomics kuvanhu.
Iyo Ergon chair ine shanduko maererano neinjiniya, asi haina kunaka.Kubva 1974 kusvika 1976, Emilio Ambasz naGiancarloPiretti vakagadzira "Chair Chair", iyo inobatanidza engineering uye aesthetics uye inoita sebasa reunyanzvi.
Muna 1980, basa remuhofisi rakanga riri chikamu chaikura nokukurumidza chemusika webasa weUnited States.Gore iroro, vagadziri veNorway Peter Opsvik naSvein Gusrud vakauya neimwe nzira yekugadzirisa marwadzo ekudzokera shure, kugara kwetafura uye mamwe matambudziko ehutano: Usagara, pfugama.
Iyo Norwegian Balans G chair, iyo inosiya yechinyakare-yekona yekugara chinzvimbo, inoshandisa yekumberi Angle.Chigaro cheBalans G hachina kumbobudirira.Vatevedzeri vakawanda vakagadzira zvigaro izvi pasina kunyatsofungisisa dhizaini, zvichiita kuti pave nerukova rwakadzikama rwekunyunyuta pamusoro pemarwadzo emabvi uye mamwe matambudziko.
Sezvo makomputa akave chikamu chakakosha chemahofisi muma1980s, mishumo yekukuvara kwakabatana nekombuta yakasimuka, uye akawanda ergonomic chair magadzirirwo akabvumira mamwe maitiro.Muna 1985, Jerome Congleton akagadzira chigaro chePos, chaakatsanangura sechisikigo uye zero-gravity, uye iyo yakadzidziswawo neNASA.
Muna 1994, Herman Miller vagadziri Williams Stumpf naDonald Chadwick vakagadzira Allen Chair, zvichida ndiyo yega ergonomic office chair inozivikanwa kunyika yekunze.Chii chitsva pamusoro pechigaro ndechekuti inotsigira lumbar spine, ine mutsara wakaumbwa wakaiswa mukati wakakombama musana unogona kuchinja nemuviri kuti uenderane nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, ungave wakatsamira kutaura parunhare kana kuzembera kumberi kutaipa.
Kune nguva dzose mugadziri anodhakwa panguva yekutsvaga, anotenderera, uye anopfira kumeso kwenyika.Muna 1995, kwangopera gore mushure mekuonekwa kwechigaro cheAllen, Donald Judd, akanzi Jenny Pinter muvezi uye muvezi, akakudza kumashure uye akawedzera kugona kwechigaro kugadzira chigaro chakatwasuka, sebhokisi.Paakabvunzwa nezvekunyaradza kwayo, akasimbirira kuti "zvigaro zvakatwasuka ndizvo zvakanakisisa pakudya nekunyora."
Kubva pakaiswa Allen Chair, kwave nemacheya akawanda anoyevedza.Munguva iyi, shoko rokuti ergonomics harina maturo nokuti kune zvidzidzo zvakawanda uye zviri nani kudarika kare, asi hapasati paine chiyero chekuziva kuti chigaro chiri ergonomic.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-16-2023